Market Primer
A Liberty Loan bond rally in New Orleans during the First World War
A Liberty Loan bond rally in New Orleans during the First World War. Image: Charles L. Franck, National Archives, public domain

Layer 3Bonds and rates

The read

Analysis of Oct 28, 2026, on data through Oct 28, 2026. Charts under each judgment are its evidence; sources are linked in the text.

  • Long yields are rising for real reasons, not out of fear of inflation. The 10-year Treasury yield was 5.00% on Oct 26, 2026 after touching 5.31% on Oct 5, 2026, and the 30-year 5.31%. The real 10-year yield is 2.66%, higher than in 98% of weeks since 2003. Long-run inflation expectations are steady at 2.23%, lower than in 58% of weeks since 2003. What has risen is the real rate and the term premium, the extra pay for holding long bonds, now 0.97 percentage points, up 0.53 points from a year earlier.

    10-year real yield and 5y5y forward breakeven inflation

    Percent, weekly average.

    Source: Federal Reserve Board (H.15); Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

    Readings in this chart

    10-year term premium

    Percentage points, weekly average. The primer cites the New York Fed's ACM estimate; this is the Federal Reserve Board's Kim-Wright estimate of the same quantity, which FRED publishes.

    Source: Federal Reserve Board (Kim-Wright).

    Readings in this chart