Market Primer
A crowd outside the American Union Bank in New York during a run on the bank in the early 1930s
A crowd outside the American Union Bank in New York during a run on the bank in the early 1930s. Image: National Archives, public domain

Layer 2Credit and leverage cycles

The read

Analysis of Oct 28, 2026, on data through Oct 28, 2026. Charts under each judgment are its evidence; sources are linked in the text.

  • Public credit markets are priced for calm. Junk-bond investors asked 3.30 percentage points over Treasuries in the week to Oct 26, 2026, and Baa-rated companies 1.48 percentage points, lower than in 71% of months since 1953. Chicago Fed financial conditions are at -0.49, looser than average, and the share of banks tightening business-loan standards fell to 0.0%.

    High-yield bond spread

    Extra yield on US junk bonds over Treasuries, percentage points, weekly average. Spreads widen ahead of and during credit stress. FRED publishes only the last three years of this ICE index.

    Source: ICE Data Indices.

    Readings in this chart

    Corporate credit spread: Baa bond yield minus the 10-year Treasury

    Percentage points, monthly. Wider spreads mean lenders demand more for credit risk.

    Source: Moody's, via FRED.

    Readings in this chart

    Financial conditions

    Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index, weekly. Zero is average; below zero is looser than average, above is tighter.

    Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

    Readings in this chart